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|footnotes = }} The Qajar dynasty (; (ペルシア語:سلسله قاجار) '; also romanised as Ghajar, Kadjar, Qachar etc.; (アゼルバイジャン語:Qacarlar)) was a Persianized〔Abbas Amanat, The Pivot of the Universe: Nasir Al-Din Shah Qajar and the Iranian Monarchy, 1831–1896, I.B.Tauris, pp 2–3〕 royal family of Turkic origin,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Genealogy and History of Qajar (Kadjar) Rulers and Heads of the Imperial Kadjar House )〕〔Cyrus Ghani. ''Iran and the Rise of the Reza Shah: From Qajar Collapse to Pahlavi Power'', I.B. Tauris, 2000, ISBN 1-86064-629-8, p. 1〕〔William Bayne Fisher. ''Cambridge History of Iran'', Cambridge University Press, 1993, p. 344, ISBN 0-521-20094-6〕〔Dr Parviz Kambin, A History of the Iranian Plateau: Rise and Fall of an Empire, Universe, 2011, p.36, (online edition ).〕〔Jamie Stokes, Anthony Gorman, Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East, 2010, p.707, (Online Edition ), ''The Safavid and Qajar dynasties, rulers in Iran from 1501 to 1722 and from 1795 to 1925 respectively, were Turkic in origin.''〕 which ruled Persia (Iran) from 1785 to 1925.〔Abbas Amanat, The Pivot of the Universe: Nasir Al-Din Shah Qajar and the Iranian Monarchy, 1831–1896, I.B.Tauris, pp 2–3; "''In the 126 years between the fall of the Safavid state in 1722 and the accession of Nasir al-Din Shah, the Qajars evolved from a shepherd-warrior tribe with strongholds in northern Iran into a Persian dynasty..''"〕〔Choueiri, Youssef M., ''A companion to the history of the Middle East'', (Blackwell Ltd., 2005), 231,516.〕 The state ruled by the dynasty was officially known as the Sublime State of Persia ((ペルシア語:دولت علیّه ایران) '). The Qajar family took full control of Iran in 1794, deposing Lotf 'Ali Khan, the last of the Zand dynasty, and re-asserted Iranian sovereignty over large parts of the Caucasus and Central Asia. In 1796, Mohammad Khan Qajar seized Mashhad with ease, putting an end to the Afsharid dynasty, and Mohammad Khan was formally crowned as shah after his punitive campaign against Iran's Georgian subjects.〔Michael Axworthy. (''Iran: Empire of the Mind: A History from Zoroaster to the Present Day'' ) Penguin UK, 6 nov. 2008 ISBN 0141903414〕 In the North Caucasus and South Caucasus, the Qajar dynasty eventually permanently lost many of Iran's integral areas which had made part of the concept of Iran for three centuries to the Russians in the course of the 19th century, comprising modern-day Georgia, Dagestan, Azerbaijan, and Armenia.〔Timothy C. Dowling (''Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond'' ) pp 728-730 ABC-CLIO, 2 dec. 2014 ISBN 1598849484〕 ==Origins== The Qajar rulers were members of the Karagöz or "Black-Eye" sept of the Qajars, who themselves were members of the Karapapak or "Black Hats" lineage of the Oghuz Turks.〔〔〔〔 Qajars first settled during the Mongol period in the vicinity of Armenia and were among the seven Qizilbash tribes that supported the Safavids.〔''( IRAN ii. IRANIAN HISTORY (2) Islamic period ) , Ehsan Yarshater, Encyclopædia Iranica, (March 29, 2012).() The Qajar were a Turkmen tribe who first settled during the Mongol period in the vicinity of Armenia and were among the seven Qezelbāš tribes that supported the Safavids.〕 The Safavids "left Arran (present-day Republic of Azerbaijan) to local Turkic khans",〔K. M. Röhrborn, Provinzen und Zentralgewalt Persiens im 16. und 17. Jahrhundert, Berlin, 1966, p. 4〕 and, "in 1554 Ganja was governed by Shahverdi Soltan Ziyadoglu Qajar, whose family came to govern Karabakh in southern Arran".〔(Encyclopedia Iranica. Ganja. Online Edition )〕 Qajars filled a number of diplomatic missions and governorships in the 16–17th centuries for the Safavids. The Qajars were resettled by Shah Abbas I throughout Iran. The great number of them also settled in Astarabad (present-day Gorgan, Iran) near the south-eastern corner of the Caspian Sea,〔 and it would be this branch of Qajars that would rise to power. The immediate ancestor of the Qajar dynasty, Shah Qoli Khan of the Quvanlu of Ganja, married into the Quvanlu Qajars of Astarabad. His son, Fath Ali Khan (born c. 1685–1693) was a renowned military commander during the rule of the Safavid shahs Sultan Husayn and Tahmasp II. He was killed on the orders of Shah Nader Shah in 1726. Fath Ali Khan's son Mohammad Hasan Khan Qajar (1722–1758) was the father of Mohammad Khan Qajar and Hossein Qoli Khan (Jahansouz Shah), father of "Baba Khan," the future Fath-Ali Shah Qajar. Mohammad Hasan Khan was killed on the orders of Karim Khan of the Zand dynasty. Within 126 years between the demise of the Safavid state and the rise of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar, the Qajars had evolved from a shepherd-warrior tribe with strongholds in northern Persia into a Persian dynasty with all the trappings of a Perso-Islamic monarchy.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Qajar dynasty」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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